The first signs of fusarium wilt and root-rot disease are the yellowing and wilting of the lower leaves and stunting of the plants. Some of the snap and sugar peas are vining types with heights of 6 feet or more that require fencing or other supports. Peas can be mulched to cool the soil, reduce moisture loss and limit soil rot. The taller varieties (Green Arrow and Bolero) are most productive and more easily picked when trained to poles or a fence for support, but they are no longer popular. Most dwarf and intermediate varieties are self-supporting. Cultivate and hoe shallowly during the early stages of growth. The germinating seeds and small seedlings are easily injured by direct contact with fertilizer or improper cultivation. Allow 8 to 10 inches between double rows in pairs.Allow 18 to 24 inches between single or pairs of rows.Plant peas 1 to 1-1/2 inches deep and one inch apart in single or double rows.Allow more days to the first killing frost than the listed number of days to maturity because short, cool fall days do not speed development of the crop as do the long, bright days of late spring. Plantings of heat-tolerant varieties can be made in midsummer to late summer, to mature during cool fall days. Peas may be planted whenever the soil temperature is at least 45☏ and the soil is dry enough to till without its sticking to garden tools. Early plantings normally produce larger yields than later plantings. Peas thrive in cool, moist weather and produce best in cool, moderate climates. The Southern pea (cowpea) is an entirely different warm-season vegetable that is planted and grown in the same manner as beans. Snow peas are meant to be harvested as flat, tender pods before the peas inside develop at all.Snap peas have been developed from garden peas to have low-fiber pods that can be snapped and eaten along with the immature peas inside.The smooth-seeded types are used more often to produce ripe seeds that are used like dry beans and to make split-pea soup. The wrinkled-seeded varieties are generally sweeter and usually preferred for home use. The smooth-seeded varieties tend to have more starch than the wrinkled-seeded varieties. Garden pea varieties have smooth or wrinkled seeds.For gardening purposes, peas may be classified as garden peas (English peas), snap peas, and snow peas (sugar peas). Peas are a frost-hardy, cool-season vegetable that can be grown throughout most of the United States, wherever a cool season of sufficient duration exists.
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